Cdi to chd4/14/2023 ![]() This cohort study included 798,173 singletons. MDI and SDI were estimated at a dissemination area level in Ontario and were categorized into quintiles (Q1-Q5). Multivariable logistic regression models were used to examine associations of CHD with material deprivation index (MDI), social deprivation index (SDI), and maternal residence while adjusting for maternal age at birth, assisted reproductive technology, obesity, pre-pregnancy maternal health conditions, mental health illness before and during pregnancy, substance use during pregnancy, and infant’s sex. We linked the BORN Information System and Canadian Institute for Health Information databases. We included all singleton stillbirths and live hospital births from Apto Main Ontario, Canada. This was a population-based retrospective cohort study. In this study, we examined associations of CHD with two maternal SES indicators and stratified the analysis by maternal rural-urban residence. The risk of congenital heart disease (CHD) has been found to vary by maternal socioeconomic status (SES) and rural-urban residence.
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